Recurrent pregnancy loss is often multifactorial. Key contributors include:

*Antiphospholipid syndrome, an autoimmune condition affecting blood clotting, diagnosed through specific antibody blood tests
*Uterine structural abnormalities, such as a uterine septum, fibroids, or scarring, evaluated using ultrasound, hysteroscopy, or magnetic resonance imaging
*Endocrine factors, including uncontrolled thyroid dysfunction, poorly controlled diabetes, and luteal phase issues
*Advanced maternal age, which increases the likelihood of chromosomally abnormal eggs
Lifestyle factors, such as smoking, significant obesity, and heavy alcohol use

It is important to note that in roughly 50% of cases, a definitive cause is not found despite thorough evaluation, which can be difficult for couples to hear but does not rule out a healthy future pregnancy.