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If one or more embryos are identified as free of the familial genetic change, one is typically transferred into the uterus in a subsequent cycle, often using a frozen embryo while the results were pending. From that point, the pregnancy is monitored in the usual way, and confirmatory prenatal testing is still offered, since testing a full pregnancy sample is more reliable than testing a few embryonic cells. If no embryo turns out to be unaffected in a given cycle, which is more likely when few eggs are retrieved, couples may consider a further round of egg retrieval and testing, or discuss alternatives such as donor eggs or sperm, embryo donation, or prenatal diagnosis in a future pregnancy. Genetic counseling before and after testing is intended to be non-directive, meaning the counselor lays out the medical facts and options without steering the family toward a particular choice; the decision remains personal to each couple.
In India, this technology is permitted and specifically addressed under the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021, which allows testing of embryos “to screen the human embryo for known, pre-existing, heritable, or genetic diseases only.” The law explicitly rules out its use for selecting non-medical traits or for sex selection, in line with the long-standing Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994, except where sex-linked testing is medically necessary to avoid a serious X-linked disorder. Clinics offering this testing in India must be registered as genetic clinics under that same 1994 Act, and comprehensive genetic counseling is a mandatory step before proceeding, both to support informed decision-making and to safeguard against discrimination on the basis of genetic or disability status.
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