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Hypercholesterolemia refers to a condition in which the total cholesterol or the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood is higher than the recommended healthy range. Cholesterol itself is a fat-like substance that the body needs for building cell membranes, producing hormones, and making vitamin D, but when the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction rises too high, it begins to deposit in the walls of arteries. Over years, this build-up narrows the arteries and increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. A normal cholesterol level is one where the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride values fall within ranges considered safe for a person’s age and cardiovascular risk profile, whereas hypercholesterolemia represents a sustained elevation, usually of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, that raises long-term cardiovascular risk.
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